Reading Assignment
- 17.1 Introduction to Sheet Forming Processes
- 17.2 Shearing Operations
- 17.3 Bending Operationg
- 17.4 Drawing and Stretching Processes
- 17.5 Alternative Methods
- 17.6 Tube and Pipe Welding
- 17.7 Power Presses
Recommended Reading, etc.
- Press Brake Technology (Book preview)
- Sheet Metal Forming Process and Die Design (Book preview)
- Roll Forming Handbook (Book preview)
- Tube Forming Processes: A Comprehensive Guide (Book Preview)
- Webinar: Fundamentals of Bending Metal with Press Brakes – Part 1
- Webinar: Fundamentals of Bending Metal with Press Brakes – Part 2
- UNI – Bending and Forming Tools Lecture Notes
Related Websites
Outline
Metal Forming – Sheet Processes
(including tube and pipe forming and bending)
Bending Operations
- Air Bending
- Bottom Bending/Coining
- Wipe Bending
- Rotary Bending
- Mated-Die Bending
- Deformable Die Bending
- Roll Forming
- Roll Bending
- Spinning (video)
- Embossing
- Stretch Forming
Sheet Metal Bending Equipment
- Mechanical press brakes
- Hydraulic press brakes
- Hydraulic-mechanical press brakes
- Pneumatic press brakes
- Bending brakes (box break, pan break)
- Special equipment
Shearing Operations
- Blanking
- Fineblanking
- Notching
- Piercing
- Simple Shearing
- Slitting
Drawing and Forming Operations
- Deep Drawing
- Embossing
- Hydroforming (video)
- Spinning
- Stretch Forming
Bending
Bending Theory
sheetmetal-bendallowance
This is an excellent treatment of Bending Theory from S. M. Adams at www.sheetmetaldesign.com
Neutral Axis
Pipe and Tube Bending
The Following Excerpt is from copper.org:
Rotary Draw Bending
When rotary draw bending is applied, the tube is fastened between the bend die and the clamp die. The rotation of both tools around the bending axis bends the tube to the radius of the bend die. The pressure die (slide piece) serves the purpose of receiving the radial stress, which is generated during the forming process, and supports the straight tube end from outside. If a mandrel and wiper die are additionally applied (mandrel bending), a high quality work piece can be achieved even with thin-walled pipes and tight bending radii.
Compression Bending
Compression bending is similar to rotary draw bending. This bending method is carried out with a sliding carriage and a stationary bend die, between which the tube is clamped. The sliding carriage, which rotates around the radius block, bends the tube to the radius of the bend die.
Ram Bending (Press Bending)
When ram bending is applied, a radiused bending tool is pressed against two counter-rollers, either manually or by means of hydraulics. This motion forces the tube inserted between the radius block and the counter-rollers to bend around the radius. The tube cannot be supported from within, therefore this method is suitable for thick-walled tubes and large bending radii only.
3-roll Bending (Slip Rolling)
3-roll bending is also used for producing work pieces with large bending radii. The method is similar to the ram bending method, but the working cylinder and the two stationary counter-rollers rotate, thus forming the bend.
(http://www.copper.org/Applications/cuni/app_syscomp.html)
